phala ea tšepe

Pipe
Pipe ke karolo ea li-tubular kapa cylinder e sekoti, hangata empa eseng hakaalo-kaalo e pota-potileng, e sebelisoang haholo-holo ho fetisa lintho tse ka phallang - metsi le likhase (mekelikeli), li-slurries, phofo le bongata ba lintho tse thata tse nyenyane.E ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa meralo;Phaephe e sekoti e thata haholo ho boima ba yuniti ho feta litho tse tiileng.

Tšebelisong e tloaelehileng mantsoe a pipe le tube hangata aa fetoleloa, empa indastering le boenjiniere, mantsoe a hlalosoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng.Ho itšetlehile ka tekanyo e sebetsang eo e entsoeng ho eona, pipe e atisa ho hlalosoa ka bophara ba lebitso le bophara ba ka ntle (OD) le kemiso e hlalosang botenya.Hangata Tube e hlalosoa ke OD le botenya ba lebota, empa e ka hlalosoa ke tse peli tsa OD, bophara ba ka hare (ID), le botenya ba lebota.Pipe ka kakaretso e entsoe ho latela e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse ngata tsa machaba le tsa naha tsa indasteri.[1]Le hoja litekanyetso tse tšoanang li le teng bakeng sa li-tubing tse khethehileng tsa indasteri, li-tubes hangata li etsoa ka boholo bo tloaelehileng le mefuta e mengata e pharaletseng ea li-diameter le mamello.Ho na le litekanyetso tse ngata tsa indasteri le tsa mmuso bakeng sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe le li-tubing.Lentsoe "tube" le boetse le sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ho likarolo tse se nang li-cylindrical, ke hore, li-square kapa li-rectangular tubing.Ka kakaretso, lentsoe “pipe” ke lentsoe le tloaelehileng haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, athe “tube” e sebelisoa haholo United States.

Ka bobeli “peipi” le “tube” li fana ka maikutlo a boemo ba ho satalla le ho tšoarella, athe hose (kapa hosepipe) hangata e nkeha habonolo ebile e tenyetseha.Hangata likopano tsa liphaephe li hahoa ka tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse kang litsoe, li-tee, joalo-joalo, ha li-tubes li ka etsoa kapa tsa kobeha ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Bakeng sa thepa e sa tsitsang, e ke keng ea etsoa, ​​kapa moo mohaho o laoloang ke melao kapa litekanyetso, likopano tsa li-tubes li boetse li hahoa ka tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa li-tube.

Lisebelisoa
Ho kenya lipeipi seterateng sa Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Liphaephe tsa metsi
Metsi a pompo
Ho nosetsa
Liphaephe tse tsamaisang khase kapa metsi libakeng tse telele
Mekhoa ea moea e hatelitsoeng
Casing bakeng sa liqubu tsa konkreite tse sebelisoang mererong ea kaho
Mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea mocheso o phahameng kapa oa khatello e phahameng
Indasteri ea peterole:
Khaba ea oli ea mokelikeli
Lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa oli
Phano ea maro, ebang ke khase kapa metsi, setsing sa tšebetso ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea sebakeng se seng nakong ea ts'ebetso
Ho fana ka lijo tse ngata tse tiileng, sejong kapa semela sa tšebetso ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng nakong ea ts'ebetso
Ho hahoa ha likepe tsa polokelo ea khatello e phahameng (hlokomela hore likepe tse kholo tsa khatello li hahiloe ka poleiti, eseng liphaephe ka lebaka la botenya ba lerako le boholo ba tsona).
Ho phaella moo, liphaephe li sebelisetsoa merero e mengata e sa akarelletseng ho tsamaisa mokelikeli.Li-handrails, scaffolding, le meaho ea ts'ehetso hangata li hahiloe ka lipeipi tsa sebopeho, haholo tikolohong ea indasteri.

Tlhahiso
Sengoloa sa mantlha: Setšoantšo sa li-tube
Ho na le mekhoa e meraro ea ho etsa lipeipi tsa tšepe.Ho lahla tšepe e nang le tšepe e chesang e chesang ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e hlahelletseng ka ho fetesisa.

Phaephe e se nang moroko (SMLS) e entsoe ka ho taka billet e tiileng holim'a molamu o phunyeletsang ho etsa khetla e se nang letho ka mokhoa o bitsoang ho phunya ka rotary.Kaha ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ha e kenyelle welding leha e le efe, liphaephe tse se nang moeli li nkoa li le matla le tse ka tšeptjoang haholoanyane.Ho tloha khale, phala e se nang seam e ne e nkoa e le khatello e mamellang hamolemo ho feta mefuta e meng, 'me hangata e ne e fumaneha ho feta peipi e cheselitsoeng.

Tsoelo-pele ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970 ho lisebelisoa, taolo ea ts'ebetso, le tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng, e lumella phala e cheselitsoeng ka nepo hore e nke sebaka se se nang seam lits'ebetsong tse ngata.Peipi e cheselitsoeng e thehoa ka poleiti e kolobang le ho tjheseletsa seam (hangata ka ho tjheseletsa Motlakase ("ERW"), kapa Motlakase Fusion Welding ("EFW")).The weld flash e ka tlosoa libakeng tse ka hare le ka ntle ho sebelisa lehare la scarfing.Sebaka sa weld se ka boela sa phekoloa ka mocheso ho etsa hore seam se se ke sa bonahala.Peipi e cheselitsoeng hangata e na le mamello e matla ho feta ea mofuta o se nang seam, 'me e ka ba theko e tlase ho e etsa.

Ho na le mekhoa e mengata e ka sebelisoang ho hlahisa liphaephe tsa ERW.E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mekhoa ena e lebisa ho coalescence kapa ho kopanya likarolo tsa tšepe ka liphaephe.Motlakase oa motlakase o fetisoa ka holim'a libaka tse lokelang ho kopanngoa hammoho;ha likarolo li ntse li kopantsoe hammoho li hanana le motlakase, mocheso o hlahisoa o etsang hore ho be le chese.Matamo a tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng a thehoa moo libaka tse peli li kopantsoeng ha motlakase o matla o fetisoa ka tšepe;matamo ana a tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng a etsa weld e kopanyang likarolo tse peli tse koetsoeng.

Liphaephe tsa ERW li entsoe ka cheseletso ea longitudinal ea tšepe.Ts'ebetso ea ho cheselletsa lipeipi tsa ERW e tsoela pele, ho fapana le ho cheselletsa likarolo tse ikhethileng ka nako e itseng.Ts'ebetso ea ERW e sebelisa coil ea tšepe joalo ka lijo.
Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa oa High Frequency Induction Technology (HFI) o sebelisetsoa ho etsa lipeipi tsa ERW.Ts'ebetsong ena, hona joale ho cheselletsa phala ho sebelisoa ka coil ea induction ho potoloha tube.HFI ka kakaretso e nkuoa e le ea bohlokoa ho feta "e tloaelehileng" ERW ha ho etsoa liphaephe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa, joalo ka ts'ebeliso lekaleng la eneji, ho ekelletsa lits'ebelisong tse ling lits'ebetsong tsa liphaephe tsa mohala, hammoho le casing le tubing.
Peipi ea bophara bo boholo (25 centimeters (10 in) kapa ho feta) e ka ba ERW, EFW kapa Submerged Arc Welded (“SAW”) pipe.Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea theknoloji e ka sebelisoang ho etsa liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa boholo bo boholo ho feta lipeipi tsa tšepe tse ka hlahisoang ka mekhoa e sa tsitsang le ea ERW.Mefuta e 'meli ea liphaephe tse hlahisoang ka theknoloji ena ke liphaephe tsa longitudinal-submerged arc-welded (LSAW) le li-spiral-submerged arc-welded (SSAW).LSAW e entsoe ka ho kobeha le ho tjheseletsa lipoleiti tsa tšepe tse pharaletseng 'me hangata li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri ea oli le khase.Ka lebaka la theko ea tsona e phahameng, liphaephe tsa LSAW ha se hangata li sebelisoa ka boleng bo tlase ba lits'ebetso tse sa sebeliseng matla joalo ka liphaephe tsa metsi.Liphaephe tsa SSAW li hlahisoa ke spiral (helicoidal) welding ea tšepe ea tšepe 'me li na le molemo oa litšenyehelo ho feta liphaephe tsa LSAW, kaha mokhoa ona o sebelisa likhoele ho e-na le lipoleiti tsa tšepe.Ka hona, lits'ebetsong moo spiral-weld e amohelehang, liphaephe tsa SSAW li ka khethoa ho feta lipeipi tsa LSAW.Liphaephe ka bobeli tsa LSAW le lipeipi tsa SSAW li qothisana lehlokoa le lipeipi tsa ERW le lipeipi tse se nang moroallo lipakeng tsa bophara ba 16"-24".

Tubing bakeng sa phallo, ebang ke tšepe kapa polasetiki, hangata e ntšoa
Lisebelisoa

Metsi a khale a tsoang Philadelphia a ne a kenyelletsa lipeipi tsa lehong
Pipe e entsoe ka mefuta e mengata ea thepa e kenyeletsang ceramic, khalase, fiberglass, litšepe tse ngata, konkreite le polasetiki.Nakong e fetileng, lehong le loto ( plumbum ea Selatine, eo ho eona ho tsoang lentsoe 'plumbing') li ne li sebelisoa hangata.

Hangata lipeipi tsa tšepe li entsoe ka tšepe kapa tšepe, joalo ka tšepe e sa phethoang, e ntšo (lacquer), carbon steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel, brass, le ductile iron.Lipeipi tse thehiloeng ka tšepe li na le kutu haeba li sebelisoa ka har'a metsi a nang le oksijene haholo. [2]Peipi ea aluminium kapa li-tubing li ka sebelisoa moo tšepe e sa lumellaneng le mokelikeli oa tšebeletso kapa moo boima bo leng teng;aluminium e boetse e sebelisoa bakeng sa li-tubing tse fetisang mocheso joalo ka lits'ebetsong tsa sehatsetsing.Li-tubing tsa koporo li tumme bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa metsi a ka tlung (tse noang) tsa metsi;koporo e ka sebelisoa moo phetiso ea mocheso e lakatsehang (ke hore li-radiator kapa li-heaters tsa mocheso).Li-inconel, chrome moly, le li-alloys tsa tšepe tsa titanium li sebelisoa mocheso o phahameng le liphaephe tsa khatello ts'ebetsong le litsing tsa matla.Ha o hlakisa li-alloys bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ncha, litaba tse tsebahalang tsa phello ea creep le sensitization li tlameha ho tsotelloa.

Liphaephe tsa loto li ntse li fumaneha litsing tsa khale tsa kabo ea metsi malapeng le tse ling, empa ha li sa lumelloa bakeng sa ho kenya lipeipi tse ncha tsa metsi a nooang ka lebaka la chefo ea tsona.Melao ea meaho e mengata hona joale e hloka hore liphaephe tsa loto litsing tsa bolulo kapa tsa setsi li nkeloe sebaka ke lipeipi tse se nang chefo kapa hore bokahare ba li-tubes bo alafshoe ka asiti ea phosphoric.Ho ea ka mofuputsi e moholo le setsebi se ka sehloohong sa Mokhatlo oa Canada oa Molao oa Tikoloho, "... ha ho na boemo bo sireletsehileng ba loto [bakeng sa ho pepeseha ha batho]".[3]Ka 1991 US EPA e ile ea fana ka Molao oa Moeta-pele le oa Koporo, ke molao oa federal o fokotsang tekanyo ea loto le koporo e lumelloang metsing a nooang a sechaba, hammoho le palo e lumelletsoeng ea ho bola ha lipeipi ka lebaka la metsi ka boeona.Naheng ea Amerika ho hakanngoa hore lithapo tsa litšebeletso tse etellang pele tse limilione tse 6.5 (liphaephe tse hokahanyang liphaephe tsa metsi le lipeipi tsa lapeng) tse kentsoeng pele ho lilemo tsa bo-1930 li ntse li sebelisoa.[4]

Li-tubing tsa polasetiki li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa boima ba eona bo bobebe, khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale, thepa e sa senyeheng, le bonolo ba ho etsa likhokahanyo.Lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki li kenyelletsa polyvinyl chloride (PVC), [5] chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), [6] reinforced polymer mortar (RPMP), [6] polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), cross -linked high-density polyethylene (PEX), polybutylene (PB), le acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), mohlala.Linaheng tse ngata, liphaephe tsa PVC li ikarabella bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa liphaephe tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa masepala tse patiloeng bakeng sa kabo ea metsi a nooang le likhoele tsa metsi a litšila.[5]Bafuputsi ba 'maraka ba bolela esale pele lekhetho lohle la lefats'e la chelete e fetang $80 bilione ka 2019.[7]Europe, boleng ba 'maraka bo tla ba hoo e ka bang.€ 12.7 limilione tse likete ka 2020 [8]

Pipe e ka etsoa ka konkreite kapa ceramic, hangata bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khatello e tlase joalo ka phallo ea matla a khoheli kapa drainage.Liphaephe tsa likhoerekhoere li ntse li etsoa haholo ka konkreite kapa letsopa le nang le vitrified.Konkreite e matlafalitsoeng e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa liphaephe tsa konkreite tse bophara bo boholo.Thepa ena ea liphaephe e ka sebelisoa mefuteng e mengata ea kaho, 'me e atisa ho sebelisoa ho tsamaisa matla a khoheli a metsi a sefefo.Hangata phala e joalo e tla ba le tšepe e amohelang kapa e kenngoeng ka mehato, e nang le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tiisa e sebelisoang ha ho kenngoa.

Traceability and positive material intification (PMI)
Ha li-alloys tsa liphaephe li etsoa, ​​​​ho etsoa liteko tsa metallurgical ho fumana sebopeho sa thepa ka % ea ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lik'hemik'hale ka har'a liphaephe, 'me liphetho li tlalehiloe Tlalehong ea Teko ea Lintho (MTR).Liteko tsena li ka sebelisoa ho paka hore motsoako o lumellana le litlhaloso tse fapaneng (mohlala, 316 SS).Liteko li hatisitsoe ke lefapha la QA/QC la feme, 'me li ka sebelisoa ho fumana thepa morao ho leloala ke basebelisi ba kamoso, joalo ka bahlahisi ba liphaephe le li-fitting.Ho boloka traceability lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa alloy le MTR e amanang le eona ke taba ea bohlokoa ea netefatso ea boleng.Hangata QA e hloka hore nomoro ea mocheso e ngoloe phala.Litlhokomeliso li tlameha ho nkoa hape ho thibela ho kenngoa ha thepa ea maiketsetso.E le "backup to etching/labeling of the material identification on pipe, positive material identification (PMI) e etsoa ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa letsoho;sesebediswa se skena thepa ya phala se sebedisa leqhubu la emitted electromagnetic wave (x-ray fluorescence/XRF) mme se fumana karabo e hlahlojwang ka spectrographically.

Boholo
Sehlooho se seholo: Boholo ba Pipe ea Lebitso
Boholo ba liphaephe bo ka ferekanya hobane mantsoe a ka amana le litekanyo tsa nalane.Ka mohlala, pipe ea tšepe ea halofo ea inch ha e na tekanyo leha e le efe e ka bang halofo ea inch.Qalong, phala ea halofo ea inch e ne e e-na le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 1⁄2 ka hare—empa e ne e boetse e e-na le mabota a teteaneng.Ha thekenoloji e ntse e ntlafala, marako a masesaane a ile a khoneha, empa bophara ba ka ntle bo ile ba lula bo tšoana e le hore bo ka kopana le pipe ea khale e teng, ho eketsa bophara ba ka hare ho feta halofo ea lisenthimithara.Histori ea pipe ea koporo e tšoana.Lilemong tsa bo-1930, phala e ne e khethoa ka bophara ba eona ba ka hare le botenya ba lebota la 1⁄16 inch (1.6 mm).Ka lebaka leo, phala ea koporo ea lisenthimithara tse 25 e ne e e-na le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 1+1⁄8 (28.58 mm) ka ntle.Bophara ba ka ntle e ne e le tekanyo ea bohlokoa ea ho nyalana le li-fittings.Botenya ba lebota holim'a koporo ea morao-rao hangata bo tšesaane ho feta 1⁄16-inch (1.6 mm), kahoo bophara ba ka hare ke "nominal" feela ho e-na le tekanyo e laolang.[9]Litheknoloji tse ncha tsa lipeipi ka linako tse ling li ile tsa nka mokhoa oa ho etsa boholo e le oa eona.Pipe ea PVC e sebelisa Nominal Pipe size.

Boholo ba lipeipi bo hlalosoa ke palo ea maemo a naha le a machaba, ho kenyeletsa API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M le B36.19M US, BS 1600 le BS EN 10255 United Kingdom le Europe.

Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e tloaelehileng ea ho khetha pipe ka ntle ho bophara (OD).Mokhoa oa Amerika Leboea o bitsoa NPS (“Nominal Pipe Size”) ’me o theiloe holim’a lisenthimithara (tseo hangata li bitsoang NB (“Nominal Bore”)).Phetolelo ea Europe e bitsoa DN ("Diametre Nominal" / "Nominal Diameter") mme e thehiloe ho limilimithara.Ho khetholla bophara ba ka ntle ho lumella liphaephe tsa boholo bo lekanang hore li kopane ho sa tsotellehe hore na lerako le letenya hakae.

Bakeng sa boholo ba liphaephe tse ka tlase ho NPS 14 inch (DN 350), mekhoa eo ka bobeli e fana ka boleng ba lebitso bakeng sa OD e pota-potiloeng 'me ha e tšoane le OD ea sebele.Ka mohlala, NPS 2 inch le DN 50 ke phala e tšoanang, empa OD ea sebele ke lisenthimithara tse 2.375 kapa limilimithara tse 60.33.Tsela feela ea ho fumana OD ea sebele ke ho e sheba tafoleng ea litšupiso.
Bakeng sa boholo ba liphaephe tsa NPS 14 inch (DN 350) le ho feta boholo ba NPS ke bophara ba 'nete ka lisenthimithara' me boholo ba DN bo lekana le makhetlo a NPS a 25 (eseng 25.4) a pota-potiloe ho multiple multiple 50. Mohlala, NPS 14 e na le OD ya 14 inches kapa 355.60 millimeters, mme e lekana le DN 350.
Kaha bophara ba ka ntle bo tsitsitse bakeng sa boholo ba phala e fanoeng, bophara ba ka hare bo tla fapana ho itšetlehile ka botenya ba lerako la phala.Mohlala, 2″ phala ea 80 e na le mabota a teteaneng mme ka hona bophara ba eona bo nyane ho feta 2 ″ phala ea 40.

Peipi ea tšepe e entsoe ka lilemo tse ka bang 150.Boholo ba liphaephe tse sebelisoang kajeno ho PVC le masenke li ne li etselitsoe lilemo tse fetileng bakeng sa phala ea tšepe.Sistimi ea linomoro, joalo ka Sch 40, 80, 160, e ne e behiloe khale mme e bonahala e sa tloaeleha.Mohlala, peipi ea Sch 20 e tšesaane le ho feta Sch 40, empa OD e tšoanang.'Me le hoja liphaephe tsena li itšetlehile ka boholo ba lipeipi tsa khale tsa tšepe, ho na le liphaephe tse ling, tse kang cpvc bakeng sa metsi a futhumetseng, tse sebelisang boholo ba liphaephe, ka hare le ka ntle, ho latela litekanyetso tsa boholo ba lipeipi tsa khale tsa koporo ho e-na le tšepe.

Ho na le litekanyetso tse ngata tse fapaneng bakeng sa boholo ba liphaephe, 'me ho ata ha tsona ho fapana ho itšetlehile ka indasteri le sebaka sa libaka.Tlhaloso ea boholo ba pipe ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa linomoro tse peli;e 'ngoe e bontšang bokantle (OD) kapa bophara ba lebitso, 'me e 'ngoe e bontša botenya ba lebota.Mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, pipe ea Amerika e ne e lekana le bophara ba ka hare.Tloaelo ena e ile ea tloheloa ho ntlafatsa tšebelisano le liphaephe tseo hangata li tlamehang ho lekana OD ea phala, empa e bile le phello e tšoarellang ho litekanyetso tsa sejoale-joale lefatšeng ka bophara.

Amerika Leboea le UK, liphaephe tsa khatello hangata li hlalosoa ke Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) le schedule (SCH).Boholo ba liphaephe bo ngotsoe ke maemo a mangata, ho kenyelletsa API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M (Letlapa la 1) US, le BS 1600 le BS 1387 United Kingdom.Ka tloaelo botenya ba lebota la phala ke phapang e laoloang, 'me bophara ba ka hare (ID) bo lumelloa ho fapana.Botenya ba lebota la liphaephe bo na le phapang ea hoo e ka bang liphesente tse 12,5.

Linaheng tse ling tsa Europe, lipeipi tsa khatello li sebelisa li-ID tsa liphaephe tse tšoanang le botenya ba lebota joalo ka Nominal Pipe size, empa e li tšoaea ka metric Diameter Nominal (DN) sebakeng sa NPS ea moemphera.Bakeng sa NPS e kholo ho feta 14, DN e lekana le NPS e atisitsoeng ka 25. (Eseng 25.4) Sena se ngotsoe ke EN 10255 (eo pele e neng e le DIN 2448 le BS 1387) le ISO 65:1981, 'me hangata e bitsoa DIN kapa phala ea ISO. .

Japane e na le sete ea eona ea boholo ba liphaephe tse tloaelehileng, tseo hangata li bitsoang phala ea JIS.

The Iron pipe size (IPS) ke sistimi ea khale e ntseng e sebelisoa ke bahlahisi ba bang le litšoantšo tsa lefa le lisebelisoa.Nomoro ea IPS e tšoana le nomoro ea NPS, empa lipampiri li ne li lekanyelitsoe ho Standard Wall (STD), Extra Strong (XS), le Double Extra Strong (XXS).STD e tšoana le SCH 40 bakeng sa NPS 1/8 ho ea ho NPS 10, e kenyeletsang, 'me e bontša .375″ botenya ba lebota bakeng sa NPS 12 le ho feta.XS e ts'oana le SCH 80 bakeng sa NPS 1/8 ho ea ho NPS 8, e kenyeletsang, 'me e bontša .500″ botenya ba lebota bakeng sa NPS 8 le ho feta.Litlhaloso tse fapaneng li teng bakeng sa XXS, leha ho le joalo ha ho mohla e tšoanang le SCH 160. XXS ha e le hantle e tenya ho feta SCH 160 bakeng sa NPS 1/8" ho ea ho 6" e kenyeletsang, athe SCH 160 e tenya ho feta XXS bakeng sa NPS 8″ le kholoanyane.

Sistimi e 'ngoe ea khale ke Ductile Iron Pipe Size (DIPS), eo ka kakaretso e nang le li-OD tse kholo ho feta IPS.

Li-plumbing tube tsa koporo bakeng sa lipeipi tsa bolulo li latela mokhoa o fapaneng ka ho feletseng oa boholo ba Amerika, oo hangata o bitsoang Copper Tube Size (CTS);bona tsamaiso ea metsi a malapeng.Boholo ba eona ka lebitso ha se bophara ba kahare kapa kantle.Li-tubing tsa polasetiki, tse kang PVC le CPVC, bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi le tsona li na le litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa boholo [tse sa hlakang].

Lisebelisoa tsa temo li sebelisa boholo ba PIP, bo emelang Pipe ea Nosetso ea Plastiki.PIP e tla ka likhatello tsa khatello ea 22 psi (150 kPa), 50 psi (340 kPa), 80 psi (550 kPa), 100 psi (690 kPa), le 125 psi (860 kPa) 'me hangata e fumaneha ka bophara ba 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, le 24 inches (15, 20, 25, 30, 38, 46, 53, le 61 cm).

Litekanyetso
Ho etsoa le ho kenya lipeipi tsa khatello ho laoloa ka thata ke ASME "B31" letoto la khoutu joalo ka B31.1 kapa B31.3 tse thehiloeng ho ASME Boiler le Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC).Khoutu ena e na le matla a molao Canada le US.Europe le lefats'e ka bophara li na le mokhoa o ts'oanang oa likhoutu.Liphaephe tsa khatello hangata ke liphaephe tse tlamehang ho jara likhatello tse fetang 10 ho isa ho 25 atmosphere, leha litlhaloso li fapana.Ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bolokehileng ea sistimi, tlhahiso, polokelo, welding, liteko, joalo-joalo tsa khatello ea liphaephe li tlameha ho fihlela litekanyetso tse thata tsa boleng.

Litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ea liphaephe hangata li hloka tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le letoto la liteko tsa matla a mochini bakeng sa mocheso o mong le o mong oa phala.Mocheso oa phaephe kaofela o entsoe ho tsoa ho ingot e le 'ngoe, ka hona e ne e e-na le metsoako e tšoanang ea lik'hemik'hale.Liteko tsa mechine li ka 'na tsa amahanngoa le liphaephe tse ngata, tse neng li tla tsoa mocheso o le mong 'me li fetile ka mekhoa e tšoanang ea phekolo ea mocheso.Moetsi o etsa liteko tsena mme o tlaleha sebopeho tlalehong ea ts'ebetso ea leloala le liteko tsa mochini tlalehong ea tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa, tseo ka bobeli li boleloang ke khutsufatso ea MTR.Lintho tse nang le litlaleho tsena tsa liteko li bitsoa traceable.Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa, ho ka hlokahala netefatso ea motho oa boraro ea liteko tsena;Tabeng ena lab e ikemetseng e tla hlahisa tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea thepa e netefalitsoeng (CMTR), 'me thepa e tla bitsoa e netefalitsoeng.

Maemo a mang a sebelisoang haholo a liphaephe kapa lihlopha tsa lipeipi ke:

The API range - hona joale ISO 3183. Mohlala: API 5L Grade B - hona joale ISO L245 moo palo e bontšang matla a chai ho MPa
ASME SA106 Sehlopha sa B (peipi ea tšepe e se nang seamless bakeng sa tšebeletso ea mocheso o phahameng)
ASTM A312 (peipi ea tšepe e sa tsitsang ea austenitic e sa tsitsang le e cheselitsoeng)
ASTM C76 (Peipi ea Konkreite)
ASTM D3033/3034 (PVC Pipe)
ASTM D2239 (Pipe ea Polyethylene)
ISO 14692 (Liindasteri tsa peterole le khase ea tlhaho. Liphaephe tsa polasetiki tse matlafalitsoeng ka khalase (GRP). Ho tšoaneleha le ho etsoa)
ASTM A36 (peipi ea tšepe ea carbon bakeng sa tšebeliso ea sebopeho kapa khatello e tlase)
ASTM A795 (Peipi ea tšepe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho fafatsa mollo)
API 5L e fetotsoe karolong ea bobeli ea 2008 ho ea khatisong ea 44 ho tloha khatisong ea 43 ho etsa hore e ts'oane le ISO 3183. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore phetoho e entse tlhokahalo ea hore tšebeletso e bolila, phala ea ERW, e fetise ho phunyeha ha hydrogen (HIC). ) teko ka NACE TM0284 e le hore e sebelisoe bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila.

ACPA [Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Lipeipi tsa Konkreite]
AWWA [American Water Works Association]
AWWA M45
Ho kenya
Hangata ho kenya liphaephe ho bitsa chelete e ngata ho feta thepa le mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, mekhoa le likarolo tse ling ho thusa sena.Pipe hangata e romelloa ho moreki kapa sebaka sa mosebetsi e le "lithupa" kapa bolelele ba phala (hangata maoto a 20 (6.1 m), e bitsoang single random length) kapa li entsoe ka matsoele, lithae le li-valve hore e be spool e entsoeng esale pele. spool ke sengoathoana sa phaephe le lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng esale pele, hangata tse lokiselitsoeng lebenkeleng e le hore ho kenya setšeng sa kaho ho ka sebetsa hantle haholoanyane.].Ka tloaelo, phaephe e nyane ho feta 2 inches (5.1 cm) ha ea etsoa esale pele.Hangata li-pipe spools li tšoailoe ka bar code 'me lipheletsong li koaletsoe (polasetiki) bakeng sa tšireletso.Liphaephe le liphaephe tsa liphaephe li isoa ntlong ea polokelo mosebetsing o moholo oa khoebo / oa indasteri 'me li ka tšoareloa ka tlung kapa ka jareteng e nang le marang-rang.Pipe kapa spool ea liphaephe e khutlisoa, e behoa sethaleng, e ritsoe, ebe e phahamisoa sebakeng.Mesebetsing e meholo ea ts'ebetso, lift e etsoa ka li-cranes le hoist le lisebelisoa tse ling.Hangata li ts'ehetsoa ka nakoana mohahong oa tšepe ho sebelisoa li-clamp, marapo, le li-hoist tse nyenyane ho fihlela litšehetso tsa liphaephe li khomaretsoe kapa li sirelelitsoe ka tsela e 'ngoe.

Mohlala oa sesebelisoa se sebelisetsoang ho kenya phala e nyenyane ea liphaephe (lipheletso tse nang le likhoele) ke wrench ea pipe.Peipi e nyane hangata ha e boima mme e ka phahamisetsoa sebakeng sa mosebetsi oa matsoho.Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea ho tima kapa ho koala ha semela, phaephe e nyenyane (e nyenyane) e ka boela ea etsoa esale pele ho potlakisa ho kenngoa nakong ea ho tima.Ka mor'a hore phala e kenngoe e tla lekoa bakeng sa ho lutla.Pele e etsoa tlhahlobo e ka 'na ea hloka ho hloekisoa ka ho butsoela moea kapa mouoane kapa ho hlatsuoa ka metsi.

Pipe e tšehetsa
Hangata liphaephe li tšehetsoa ho tloha ka tlaase kapa li fanyehoa holimo (empa li ka boela tsa tšehetsoa ho tloha ka thōko), ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse bitsoang li-pipe supports.Litšehetso li ka 'na tsa e-ba bonolo joaloka "seeta" sa phala e lekanang le halofo ea I-beam e cheselitsoeng ka tlaase ho phala;li ka 'na tsa “fanyehoa” ka clevis, kapa ka lisebelisoa tsa mofuta oa trapeze tse bitsoang lipeipi hangers.Litšehetso tsa liphaephe tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe li ka kenyelletsa liliba, li-snubbers, dampers, kapa motsoako oa lisebelisoa tsena ho lefella katoloso ea mocheso, kapa ho fana ka karohano ea ho sisinyeha, taolo ea ho thothomela, kapa ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha phala ka lebaka la ts'isinyeho ea lefatše.Li-dampers tse ling ke li-dashpots tsa mokelikeli, empa tse ling e ka 'na ea e-ba lisebelisoa tsa hydraulic tse sebetsang tse nang le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tse sebetsang ho fokotsa ho falla ha litlhōrō ka lebaka la ho thothomela ho etsoang ka ntle kapa ho tsosoa ha mechine.Litšisinyo tse sa batloeng e ka 'na ea e-ba ts'ebetso e nkiloeng (joalo ka seactor se nang le metsi) kapa ketsahalong ea tlhaho e kang tšisinyeho ea lefatše (ketsahalo ea motheo oa moralo kapa DBE).

Liphaephe hanger hangata li khomaretsoe ka liphaephe tsa liphaephe.Ho ka etsahala hore ho be le lithempereichara tse phahameng le mejaro e boima e lokela ho kenyelletsoa ha ho hlakisoa hore na ho hlokahala li-clamp life.[10]

Ho kopanya
Sengoloa se ka sehloohong: Lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe le lipeipi
Hangata liphaephe li kopantsoe ka ho cheselletsa, ho sebelisoa liphaephe le li-fittings;ho tiisa khokahanyo ka motsoako oa khoele ea pipe, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Thread seal tape, oakum, kapa PTFE khoele, kapa ka ho sebelisa mochine o kopanyang.Ts'ebetso ea liphaephe hangata e kopantsoe ka ho cheselletsa ho sebelisa ts'ebetso ea TIG kapa MIG.Motsoako o tloaelehileng oa phala ea tšebetso ke weld butt.Lipheletsong tsa phaephe e lokelang ho chesetsoa li tlameha ho ba le tokisetso e itseng ea weld e bitsoang End Weld Prep (EWP) eo hangata e leng ka lehlakoreng la likhato tse 37.5 ho amohela tšepe ea ho tlatsa.Khoele e tloaelehileng ea liphaephe Amerika Leboea ke National Pipe Thread (NPT) kapa mofuta oa Dryseal (NPTF).Likhoele tse ling tsa liphaephe li kenyelletsa khoele ea phala e tloaelehileng ea Brithani (BSPT), khoele ea hose ea serapeng (GHT), le khoele ea mollo oa mollo (NST).

Liphaephe tsa koporo hangata li kopantsoe ka ho soasoa, ho besoa, ho kenya li-compress, flaring kapa crimping.Liphaephe tsa polasetiki li ka kopanngoa ka tjheseletsa ea solvent, fusion ea mocheso, kapa ho tiisa elastomeric.

Haeba ho khaoha khafetsa ho tla hlokahala, liphaephe tse nang le gasketed kapa li-union fittings li fana ka ts'epo e ntle ho feta likhoele.Liphaephe tse ling tse tšesaane tse nang le mabota a ductile, joalo ka lipeipi tse nyane tsa koporo kapa tsa polasetiki tse tenyetsehang tsa metsi tse fumanehang malapeng bakeng sa baetsi ba leqhoa le li-humidifiers, mohlala, li ka kopanngoa le li-fittings tsa khatello.

Lesale la HDPE le kopantsoeng le Tee ea Electrofusion.
Peipi e ka tlas'a lefatše e sebelisa mokhoa oa "push-on" oa peipi e hatellang gasket sebakeng se pakeng tsa likotoana tse peli tse kopaneng.Li-push-on joints li fumaneha mefuta e mengata ea liphaephe.Setlolo se kopantsoeng sa phala se tlameha ho sebelisoa ha ho kopanngoa phala.Tlas'a maemo a patoa, liphaephe tse kopantsoeng tsa gasket li lumella motsamao oa lateral ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha mobu hammoho le ho atolosoa / ho fokotseha ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso.[11]MDPE ea polasetiki le liphaephe tsa khase tsa HDPE le tsa metsi le tsona hangata li kopantsoe le lisebelisoa tsa Electrofusion.

Peipi e kholo ka holim'a fatše hangata e sebelisa lenonyeletso le nang le flanged, le fumanehang ka har'a phala ea tšepe ea ductile le tse ling.Ke mokhoa oa gasket moo liphaephe tsa liphaephe tse kopanetsoeng li kopantsoeng hammoho, ho hatella gasket sebakeng se pakeng tsa phala.

Li-couplings tse entsoeng ka mechine kapa Manonyeletso a Victaulic le tsona li sebelisoa khafetsa bakeng sa ho qhaqha le ho kopanya khafetsa.E thehiloe lilemong tsa bo-1920, likhokahano tsena tse entsoeng ka mochini li ka sebetsa ho fihla ho liponto tse 120 ka likhatello tse sebetsang tsa lisekoere lisenthimithara (830 kPa) 'me li fumaneha ka thepa ho tsamaisana le boemo ba liphaephe.Mofuta o mong oa ho kopanya mechine ke ho kenya tube e se nang flareless (Li-brand tse kholo li kenyelletsa Swagelok, Ham-Let, Parker);mofuta ona oa compression fitting ka tloaelo ho sebelisoa ka tubing nyenyane tlas'a 2 lisenthimithara (51 limilimithara) ka bophara.

Ha liphaephe li kopanela likamoreng moo likarolo tse ling li hlokahalang bakeng sa tsamaiso ea marang-rang (joaloka li-valve kapa li-gauge), manonyeletso a ho qhaqha a atisa ho sebelisoa, e le ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho phahamisa / ho theola.

Li-fittings le li-valve

Lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi tsa koporo
Lisebelisoa li boetse li sebelisetsoa ho arola kapa ho kopanya liphaephe tse 'maloa hammoho, le merero e meng.Ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tse tloaelehileng;ka kakaretso li arotsoe ka tee, setsoe, lekala, se fokotsang/ho holisa, kapa wye.Li-valve li laola phallo ea mokelikeli le ho laola khatello.Litaelo tsa lipeipi le tsa lipeipi le li-valve li buisana ka tsona ka ho eketsehileng.

Ho hloekisa
Sehlooho se ka sehloohong: Ho hloekisa tube

Pipe e nang le limescale buildup, e fokotsa bophara ba ka hare haholo.
Bokahare ba liphaephe bo ka hloekisoa ka mokhoa oa ho hloekisa li-tube, haeba li silafalitsoe ke litšila kapa litšila.Sena se itšetlehile ka mokhoa oo peipi e tla sebelisoa ho oona le bohloeki bo hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso.Maemong a mang liphaephe li hloekisoa ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa phalliso se tsejoang ka molao e le Pipeline Inspection Gauge kapa "pig";ka ho fapanyetsana liphaephe kapa liphaephe li ka hlatsuoa ka lik'hemik'hale ho sebelisoa litharollo tse khethehileng tse phunyeletsoang.Maemong a mang, moo tlhokomelo e 'nileng ea hlokomeloa ha ho etsoa, ​​​​ho boloka le ho kenya liphaephe le li-tubing, lithapo li butsoe li hloekile ka moea o hatelitsoeng kapa naetrojene.